Module 3 Discussion: Child Labor, or All Work & No Play

Although children have formed a part of the workforce in all nations’ histories since time immemorial, the demand for child labor increased exponentially during the late nineteenth century in America. According to the course textbook, children under the age of fifteen comprised approximately 20% of the total workforce in the U.S. by the turn of the twentieth century (1900). Children worked long hours, earned less than adults for the same work, rarely went to school, and developed health problems. Children as young as five years old worked in a variety of industries, from coal-mining, factory work, and farming to newspaper delivery. 

Most newspaper boys, called newsies, were orphans and runaways between the ages of six and fifteen. When newspaper owners William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, two of the richest and most powerful men in the U.S., raised the price of their papers at the expense of the newsies in 1898, the newsies retaliated. Thousands of newspaper boys banded together, formed a union, and decided to strike. They stopped selling papers for two weeks in 1899, and demanded shorter hours and better pay. Hearst and Pulitzer initially laughed off the strike. However, they stopped laughing when their newspaper sales quickly decreased by two-thirds during the strike. Hearst and Pulitzer offered the newsies an accepted compromise: the ability to return unsold papers at the end of the day and get their money back. New York Governor and future U.S. President, Theodore Roosevelt, who eventually championed child labor reform, took notice, along with concerned reformers. However, Congress did not pass federal legislation to stop child labor abuses until 1938.

QUESTIONS: 

1. Do you think the newsboys’ story is one of triumph or loss? Why or why not? 

2. Why do you think the federal government took so long to reform child labor?

Applied Anthropology Presentation

Choose one career in applied anthropology and research it. 

Create a slide deck outlining your findings. Include at least 5 slides plus your references. Consider and include at least the following questions, as well as any other relevant information you find: 

What is a career in the applied anthropology field of your choice like?
What kinds of questions can this field of study answer?
What real world applications does this topic have?
Who is one real person working in this field today, and what specifically do they do? 

Summarize and explain the three major theoretical approaches that were introduced in this chapter – Durkheim and human consciousness, Benedict and Patterns of Culture, and Bourdieu and the principles of culture. (750-1250 words)

Which theoretical position seems clearest to you?

What evidence do you have for this theory in your own society?

Where have you potentially seen this exhibited?

Note: I will send you the slides that you should find the answers in, your answers have to be clear and you should write them correctly and fully, otherwise when I review them at the end and find any confusion or incorrect answer I will request a refund so you do not want to waste your time, please make sure that you answer all the questions correctly.

Answer the following questions: ” Put each answer next to its question in a word document”.

Early Americas

• ● What is unique about the Andean Coastline? Why?
• ● How did it influence agriculture, settlements, different communities (fishermenand peasants)
• ● What are key crops in this region?
• ● Which vegetable that is now grown all over the world was native to thisregion?
• ● Where is Caral located (how far from Lima, Peru)? On the bank of whichriver?
• ● Describe the urban organization of Caral.
• ● What is the most significant architectural part of Caral? [Pyramid Major]
• ● Briefly describe three architectural features of Caral.
• Key Vocabulary/Concepts:
  Potato, Alpaca and Llamas, Pyramid Major, Caral, Andean geography
• Old Kingdom Egypt
  • ● How did the Pharaoh present himself?
  • ● Which dynasty did the Old Kingdom Egypt begin with?
  • ● What are the names of the great pyramids of Giza, who built them, and whenwere they built?
  • ● What are the 4 components of the pyramid complex and what are theirfunctions?
  • ● Draw a section through the Great Pyramid of Cheops and identify all itscomponents with dimensions.
  • ● How did the design on the pyramids of Giza reflect Egyptian Pharaohs and theirlives?
    Key Vocabulary: Imhotep, Great Pyramids, Mummy, Sarcophagus, Sphinx.
  • The Aegean World
    • ● Who was Homer? What were his epic works?
    • ● What is Thalassocracy?
    • ● How did the Agean and Mediterranean Seas affect the Minoan andMycenaean civilizations?
    • ● How did the Aegean Sea shape the perception of Greek space?
    • ● What did Socrates say about the Greek people?
    • ● Where do we see the first example of a “flush toilet”?
    • ● What is a megaron?
    • ● What is the difference between a Mycenaean mask and an Egyptian mask?
    • ● Describe the Palace complex at Knossos.
  • New Kingdom Egypt
  • • ● Who was Amun Re?
    • ● Who was Hatshepsut? What was her significance?
    • ● Draw the plan and section of the Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut.
    • ● What design features of the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut stand out?
    • ● What are the four spatial components of an Egyptian temple? Describe anddraw the Temple of Luxor.
    • ● What is the most sacred object in the sanctuary and why?
    • ● How did Rameses II represent himself? What temple did he build? Can you drawthe plan and section of this temple?
    • ● Why was Abu Simbel removed?
    • From Neo-Assyria and Babylon to Persepolis
  • • ● What were the iron-based power centers around 800 BCE? Draw a tentative geographic map to show these centers.
    • ● Describe Persepolis
    • ● Compare these city complexes: Babylon and Persepolis. Draw diagrams.
    • ● What is the “hanging garden of Babylon”? Explain with a diagram and show itspossible location.
    • ● What were the ways iron enabled various civilizations? [better tools, etc.]
    • Classical Greece
    • • ● Who was Solon and what did he do/propose?
      • ● Explain: mens sana in corpore sano.
      • ● What is the Acropolis?
      • ● What is Agora?
      • ● What are the main buildings on Acropolis?
      • ● What type of temple is the Parthenon?
      • ● Draw the plan of the Parthenon as accurately as possible.
      • ● What are the Orders?
      • ● What is the Doric Order and what are some main elements?
      • ● What are the “Elgin Marbles”? Where are they now?
      • ● What is the Golden Section or Ratio? Draw and explain with numbers/equation.
      • ● What is “optical illusion”? How was it fixed in the Parthenon?

• There seems to be trouble brewing in a nearby medium-level adult prison. Inmate informers have noted several conditions indicating that a riot may be imminent: Inmates are stocking up on long-term items (e.g., canned goods) in the commissary and banding together more throughout the institution by racial groupings; furthermore, inmates are seen standing in or near doorways, as if preparing for a quick exit. Over the past several months, the inmates have become increasingly unhappy with their conditions of confinement—not only with the usual bland food, but also with the increasing number of assaults and gang attacks—and many are either very young, nonviolent offenders or very old and frail. The staff has also become increasingly unhappy, particularly, with their low salaries and benefits, perceived unsafe working conditions and attacks on officers, institutional overcrowding, the increasing number of sexual attacks among inmates, and greater amounts of drugs and other forms of contraband found in the cellblocks. They demand that the prison administration ask the courts to give more consideration to house arrest and other intermediate sanctions. They also want the legislature to consider privatization of the prison.You are the state’s prison system director. The governor’s office has asked that you prepare an immediate position paper for the chief executive setting forth a plan for dealing with this prison’s current situation.Questions for Discussion
  1. What are the critical issues that should be dealt with immediately?
  2. How would you proceed to defuse the potential for a riot?
  3. What would be your response to the suggestions for prison privatization and the use of intermediate sanctions?
  4. What, if anything, might be done to address the concerns of the inmates? The staff?

     Reply:

• What are the critical issues that should be dealt with immediately?

Critical issues that I would deal with immediately are attacks on officers, sexual attacks among inmates, drug and contrabands, and gang attacks. These issues in particularly because they all effect the safety and operation of a prison. Many of the officers are being tormented and attacked daily making it harder to secure and administer the inmates. For this matter I would incorporate safety measures and precautions for all officers. Sexual attacks have become an initial problem so ensuring the safety and preventing these attacks I would implement more guards and officers to patrol the units regularly. As for drugs and contrabands I would limit visitation and yard time until the problem is under control. Those involved in gang affiliations relations would always become highly supervised.

• How would you proceed to defuse the potential for a riot?

In means of defusing potential riots I would prioritize those involved in any gang activities. I would implement more security and less privileges until the issues are resolved. Those involved would be separated and for the ones who continue to create animosity I would place them in confinement and if that does not help a transfer would be enforced.

• What would be your response to the suggestions for prison privatization and the use of intermediate sanctions?

I would not implement prison privatization as issues are already out of control and the need for more security is essential. Riots are beginning and both officers and inmates need maximum security at this point. As for intermediate sanctions I would grant those who are worthy and show improvement and do not condone in deviant behavior.

• What, if anything, might be done to address the concerns of the inmates? The staff?

In efforts of addressing the concerns of inmates I would recommend intermediate sanctions for those who have proven themselves and worthy of these privileges. As for the staff I would increase security, wages and benefits and protection. The staff should never be under attack by any means so ensuring their safety would become top priority.

I’m working on a political science discussion question and need a sample draft to help me learn.

Please choose one of the following questions and react to it briefly in the discussion boards.

Discussion question options:

• Would the US be better off with a viable third party running candidates in the 2022 congressional elections or the 2024 presidential election? Why? What would these candidates stand for? If not, why would it be bad (or not impactful) to have viable third party candidates?

• How much power should the voters in a party have over who the presidential nominee is for that party? How much power should party elites have? Do you think party elites should have had more or less power in deciding the nominee in 2016 and 2020 (for both Democrats and Republicans)?

• Do you think that increasing partisan polarization is harmful for the United States? Why? If not, why not?

QUESTIONS: 

1. Both African Americans and white supremacists circulated postcards of the lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith. To whom would African Americans send the postcard, and why? 

2. Examine the photo, and then make three (3) observations about what you see. Analyze the expressions and gestures of the individuals in the crowd, how the individuals interact with each other, the juxtaposition of the lifeless young men in the background with the lively crowd in the foreground, and the overall atmosphere of the photo.

3. Contemplate the photo while listening to and watching Billie Holiday sing Strange Fruit.(Watch the video below.) How do the lyrics and tempo of Holiday’s song evoke the brutality of lynching? https://youtu.be/YbcZstt8ACY

Students must summarize the required readings (i.e., the book chapters and any articles) from four modules. When summarizing journal articles, the following must be addressed:

• Which criminological theory(ies) were discussed and was support found for the theory(ies)?
• Summarize the prior literature (i.e., what did prior studies find using what sample?
• Describe the research design of the study or study (Include research design, procedures, sample, and analytic strategies. So, how was the research conducted?).
• What were the findings from the study and what is the significance or relevance of the current study and its findings to modern day society?

When summarizing both the book and any articles, you should also address the following:

• Based on the knowledge you gained from prior classes, which part(s) of the readings did you find most engaging? And/or Were there any parts of the readings that surprised you? If so, explain.

I’m working on a social science question and need guidance to help me learn.

Counseling theory is based on why a person thinks, feels, and acts in a certain way. The theory then looks at what precipitates change. Using theory in your counseling allows you to understand your client and how that client can embrace change.

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

In your opinion, how does change happen in the counseling process? What are your beliefs about change during the counseling process? Which theory most aligns with your beliefs? Explain.